PMID 29546641 The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis Meta-analysis · Sports Med, 2018 10 trials - oral taurine modestly improved endurance performance (Hedges' g 0.40); single vs multi-week dosing did not differ; doses 1–6 g.
Key summary
The first systematic meta-analysisA statistical synthesis combining results of multiple studies into one conclusion. of isolated oral taurine on endurance performance (10 trials, with a 7-trial time-to-exhaustion sub-analysis). Overall endurance performance improved significantly (Hedges' g 0.40, 95% CI 0.12–0.67), with a similar result for time to exhaustion (g 0.43). Acute (single-dose) and chronic (>1 day) use did not differ, and across 1–6 g dose did not moderate the effect. Limitations include the small number of included trials and their varied designs.
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BACKGROUND: Taurine is central to many physiological processes, some of which are augmented by exogenous supply and have the potential to facilitate endurance performance; however, its independent effects on performance have not been systematically analysed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of isolated oral taurine ingestion on endurance performance and to assess the contribution of (1) the dose and (2) the supplementation period to the ergogenic effect. METHODS: A search was performed using various databases in September 2017. The studies were screened using search criteria for eligibility. Ten peer-reviewed articles were identified for inclusion. A sub-analysis of time-to-exhaustion (TTE) trials (n = 7) was also performed. The effects of (1) dose and (2) the acute (single dose) or chronic (> 1 day) supplementation periods were assessed using meta-regression. The doses of taurine ranged from 1 to 6 g/day and were provided in single doses and for up to 2 weeks among a range of subjects. RESULTS: Taurine ingestion improved overall endurance performance (Hedges' g = 0.40, 95% CI 0.12-0.67, P = 0.004), which was similar in TTE trials (Hedges' g = 0.43, 95% CI 0.12-0.75, P = 0.007). There were no differences between acute or chronic supplementation for the full sample (P = 0.897) or the TTE group (P = 0.896). The dose of taurine did not moderate its effect on endurance performance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Human endurance performance can be improved by orally ingesting a single dose of taurine in varying amounts (1-6 g). ※ The abstract text as collected and stored via the API by the pipeline. The key summary is written based solely on this text.
View original ↗ PMID 24195702 Combined effect of branched-chain amino acids and taurine supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle damage in high-intensity eccentric exercise RCT · J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2013 36 men - combining BCAA (3.2 g) and taurine (2.0 g) for 2 weeks lowered soreness (VAS) and muscle-damage markers (LDH, aldolase, oxidative damage) vs placeboAn inert dummy treatment used as the comparison baseline.. But the effect was in the combined group.
Key summary
A double-blind RCTRandomized controlled trial - a high-reliability trial that randomly assigns participants to compare effects. (36 untrained men) comparing BCAA and taurine alone/combined/placeboAn inert dummy treatment used as the comparison baseline. after eccentric elbow exercise induced soreness and damage. Supplements were taken three times a day for 2 weeks before and 3 days after. In the combined group (BCAA 3.2 g + taurine 2.0 g), soreness (VAS), arm circumference, LDH, and oxidative damage (8-OHdG) were significantly lower than placebo. The authors concluded the combination may be a nutritional strategy to attenuate exercise-induced soreness and damage - though taurine's independent effect is not isolated by this design.
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BACKGROUND: Previous studies have evaluated the effectiveness of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation for preventing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise, their findings have been inconclusive. Since taurine has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, the present study investigated the combined effect of BCAA and taurine on DOMS and muscle damage. METHODS: Thirty-six untrained male subjects (22.5 ± 3.8 years) were assigned to four groups (placebo + placebo [placebo], BCAA + placebo, placebo + taurine, and BCAA + taurine [combined]) and given a combination of 3.2 g BCAA (or placebo) and 2.0 g taurine (or placebo), three times a day, for two weeks prior to and three days after eccentric elbow flexor exercises. DOMS and muscle damage in the biceps brachii were subjectively and objectively evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), upper arm circumference (CIR), and blood parameters (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], aldolase, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]). RESULTS: In the combined group, VAS and 8-OHdG two days after exercise, CIR two and three days after exercise and LDH from one to three days after exercise were significantly lower than the placebo group. The area under the curve from before exercise to four days later for CIR, LDH, and aldolase was also significantly lower in the combined group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: A combination of 3.2 g BCAA and 2.0 g taurine, three times a day, for two weeks prior to and three days after exercise may be a useful nutritional strategy for attenuating exercise-induced DOMS and muscle damage. ※ The abstract text as collected and stored via the API by the pipeline. The key summary is written based solely on this text.
View original ↗ PMID 25833543 Taurine supplementation reduces eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness in young men RCT · Adv Exp Med Biol, 2015 Small RCTRandomized controlled trial - a high-reliability trial that randomly assigns participants to compare effects. - taurine alone reported to reduce eccentric-exercise DOMS in young men (conference proceedings; no detailed abstract indexed).
Key summary
A small RCTRandomized controlled trial - a high-reliability trial that randomly assigns participants to compare effects. reporting that taurine alone reduced eccentric-exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in young men. No detailed abstract is indexed in PubMed, so what is verifiable here is only the title-level direction (taurine reduced DOMS); the effect size and numbers cannot be confirmed from this entry alone. Use it as evidence for taurine 'alone' aiding muscle recovery, keeping its limited size and detail in mind.
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※ The abstract text as collected and stored via the API by the pipeline. The key summary is written based solely on this text.
View original ↗ PMID 38406865 Effects of Caffeine-Taurine Co-Ingestion on Endurance Cycling Performance in High Temperature and Humidity Environments Crossover RCT · Sports Health, 2024 12-person crossover RCTRandomized controlled trial - a high-reliability trial that randomly assigns participants to compare effects. (heat) - taurine improved endurance (TTE), blood lactate, and core temperature, but did not affect recovery from lower-limb neuromuscular fatigue vs placeboAn inert dummy treatment used as the comparison baseline..
Key summary
A single-blind crossover RCTRandomized controlled trial - a high-reliability trial that randomly assigns participants to compare effects. (12 physical-education students) comparing taurine, caffeine, their combination, and placeboAn inert dummy treatment used as the comparison baseline. in heat (35°C, 65% humidity). All supplement groups increased time to exhaustion (TTE) versus placebo, and the taurine group had notably lower post-exhaustion blood lactate and core temperature. However, the authors specified that taurine, caffeine, and the combination all 'did not affect recovery from lower limb neuromuscular fatigue' versus placebo. So there were performance and lactate benefits, but these did not translate directly into 'fatigue recovery.'
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BACKGROUND: Taurine (TAU) and caffeine (CAF), as common ergogenic aids, are known to affect exercise performance; however, the effects of their combined supplementation, particularly in high temperature and humidity environments, have not been studied. HYPOTHESIS: The combination of TAU and CAF will have a greater effect on endurance cycle performance and improve changes in physiological indicators during exercise compared with TAU or CAF supplementation alone and placebo. STUDY DESIGN: Single-blind crossover randomized controlled study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 1. METHODS: Twelve university students majoring in physical education volunteered to receive 4 different supplement ingestions: (1) placebo (maltodextrin), (2) TAU, (3) CAF, (4) TAU + CAF. After a 7-day washout period, participants completed a time to exhaustion (TTE) test in the heat (35°C, 65% relative humidity). RESULTS: All experimental groups improved TTE compared with the placebo group. Peak and mean power of countermovement jump were significantly higher in the CAF group compared with the placebo group before the exhaustion exercise (P = 0.02, d = 1.2 and P = 0.04, d = 1.1, respectively). Blood lactate was significantly lower after the exhaustion test in the TAU group compared with the CAF (P < 0.01, d = 0.8) and TAU + CAF (P < 0.01, d = 0.7) groups. Core temperature in the TAU group was significantly reduced in the placebo group later in the exhaustion test (P < 0.01, d = 1.9). CONCLUSION: In high temperature and humidity environments, acute TAU, CAF, and combined supplementation all improved TTE and did not affect recovery from lower limb neuromuscular fatigue compared with placebo, with TAU having the best effect. Combined supplementation failed to exhibit superimposed performance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results provide suggestions for the effects of TAU, CAF, and their combined intake on exercise performance in high temperature and humidity environments. ※ The abstract text as collected and stored via the API by the pipeline. The key summary is written based solely on this text.
View original ↗ PMID 30006901 The Effects of Oral Taurine on Resting Blood Pressure in Humans: a Meta-Analysis Meta-analysis · Curr Hypertens Rep, 2018 7 trials, 103 people - taurine reduced systolic and diastolic pressure by about 3 mmHg on average (no adverse events reported).
Key summary
A meta-analysisA statistical synthesis combining results of multiple studies into one conclusion. pooling the effect of isolated oral taurine on resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (7 trials, 103 people of varying age and health). Taurine significantly reduced systolic (Hedges' g -0.70) and diastolic (g -0.62) pressure, translating to mean reductions of about 3 mmHg (1–6 g/day, 1 day to 12 weeks). No adverse events were reported. The authors framed these as 'preliminary' and called for further work on targeted conditions and optimal dosing.
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aims of this meta-analysis were to investigate the effects of orally administered isolated taurine on resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in humans. RECENT FINDINGS: There is growing evidence that taurine deficiency is associated with hypertension and that oral supplementation can have antihypertensive effects in humans. However, these investigations have been conducted across a number of decades and populations and have not been collectively reviewed. A search was performed using various databases in May 2018 and later screened using search criteria for eligibility. There were seven peer-reviewed studies meeting the inclusion criteria, encompassing 103 participants of varying age and health statuses. Taurine ingestion reduced SBP (Hedges' g = - 0.70, 95% CI - 0.98 to - 0.41, P < 0.0001) and DBP (Hedges' g = - 0.62, 95% CI - 0.91 to - 0.34, P < 0.0001). These results translated to mean ~ 3 mmHg reductions in both SBP (range = 0-15 mmHg) and DBP (range = 0-7 mmHg) following a range of doses (1 to 6 g/day) and supplementation periods (1 day to 12 weeks), with no adverse events reported. These preliminary findings suggest that ingestion of taurine at the stated doses and supplementation periods can reduce blood pressure to a clinically relevant magnitude, without any adverse side effects. Future studies are needed to establish the effects of oral taurine supplementation on targeted pathologies and the optimal supplementation doses and periods. ※ The abstract text as collected and stored via the API by the pipeline. The key summary is written based solely on this text.
View original ↗ PMID 38755142 Taurine reduces the risk for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Meta-analysis · Nutr Diabetes, 2024 25 RCTRandomized controlled trial - a high-reliability trial that randomly assigns participants to compare effects.s, 1,024 people - taurine reduced SBP (-4.0 mmHg), DBP (-1.5), fasting glucose (-5.9 mg/dL), and triglycerideA type of fat in the blood; high levels raise cardiovascular risk.s (-18.3 mg/dL); HDL unchanged.
Key summary
A large meta-analysisA statistical synthesis combining results of multiple studies into one conclusion. of taurine's effects on metabolic-syndrome parameters (25 RCTRandomized controlled trial - a high-reliability trial that randomly assigns participants to compare effects.s, 1,024 people, 0.5–6 g/day, 5–365 days). Versus controls, systolic (-4.0 mmHg) and diastolic (-1.5 mmHg) blood pressure, fasting glucose (-5.9 mg/dL), and triglycerideA type of fat in the blood; high levels raise cardiovascular risk.s (-18.3 mg/dL) fell significantly, while HDL cholesterol did not change. Meta-regression showed diastolic pressure and fasting glucose fell more at higher doses. No significant adverse effects were seen versus control. The authors proposed taurine as a dietary addition for people at risk of metabolic syndrome.
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BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected risk factors that significantly increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Taurine has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for MetS. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the effects of taurine supplementation on MetS-related parameters. METHODS: We conducted electronic searches through databases like Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov, encompassing publications up to December 1, 2023. Our analysis focused on established MetS diagnostic criteria, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Meta-regression explored potential dose-dependent relationships based on the total taurine dose administered during the treatment period. We also assessed secondary outcomes like body composition, lipid profile, and glycemic control. RESULTS: Our analysis included 1024 participants from 25 RCTs. The daily dosage of taurine in the studies ranged from 0.5 g/day to 6 g/day, with follow-up periods varying between 5 and 365 days. Compared to control groups, taurine supplementation demonstrated statistically significant reductions in SBP (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -3.999 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -7.293 to -0.706, p = 0.017), DBP (WMD = -1.509 mmHg, 95% CI = -2.479 to -0.539, p = 0.002), FBG (WMD: -5.882 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.747 to -1.018, p = 0.018), TG (WMD: -18.315 mg/dL, 95% CI: -25.628 to -11.002, p < 0.001), but not in HDL-C (WMD: 0.644 mg/dl, 95% CI: -0.244 to 1.532, p = 0.155). Meta-regression analysis revealed a dose-dependent reduction in DBP (coefficient = -0.0108 mmHg per g, p = 0.0297) and FBG (coefficient = -0.0445 mg/dL per g, p = 0.0273). No significant adverse effects were observed compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Taurine supplementation exhibits positive effects on multiple MetS-related factors, making it a potential dietary addition for individuals at risk of or already experiencing MetS. Future research may explore dose-optimization strategies and potential long-term benefits of taurine for MetS management. ※ The abstract text as collected and stored via the API by the pipeline. The key summary is written based solely on this text.
View original ↗ PMID 32871172 The effects of taurine supplementation on obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Meta-analysis · Eur J Pharmacol, 2020 12 RCTRandomized controlled trial - a high-reliability trial that randomly assigns participants to compare effects.s (mostly patients with liver/metabolic dysfunction) - total cholesterol (-10.9), triglycerideA type of fat in the blood; high levels raise cardiovascular risk.s (-13.1 mg/dL), and blood pressure fell; fasting glucose, weight, and BMI unchanged.
Key summary
A meta-analysisA statistical synthesis combining results of multiple studies into one conclusion. of taurine's effects on obesity, blood pressure, and lipids (12 RCTRandomized controlled trial - a high-reliability trial that randomly assigns participants to compare effects.s, 0.5–6 g/day, 15 days to 6 months). Most participants were patients with liver or metabolic dysregulation (diabetes, hepatitis, fatty liver, obesity, cystic fibrosis, chronic alcoholism, cardiac surgery). Systolic (-4.67 mmHg) and diastolic (-2.90) blood pressure, total cholesterol (-10.87 mg/dL), and triglycerideA type of fat in the blood; high levels raise cardiovascular risk.s (-13.05 mg/dL) fell significantly, while fasting glucose, HDL, LDLLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol - the so-called "bad" cholesterol., BMI, and body weight did not change. The authors specified that the effects were seen in patients with liver or metabolic dysfunction.
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Taurine plays a pivotal role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure homeostasis, and obesity largely due to its cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions. Despite promising data from animal studies in this scenario, the efficacy of taurine supplementation in human studies has been inconsistent. The main objective of this meta-analysis was to appraise the effects of taurine supplementation on liver markers and, secondarily, to explore anthropometric measures as well. Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to April 2020. There were 12 eligible peer-reviewed studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in patients with liver or metabolic dysregulation (diabetes, hepatitis, fatty liver, obesity, cystic fibrosis, chronic alcoholism, and cardiac surgery). The taurine dosage varied from 0.5 to 6 g/d for 15 days to 6 months. Pooled effect sizes suggested a significant effect of taurine administration on systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference (WMD): -4.67 mm Hg; 95%CI, -9.10 to -0.25), diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -2.90 mm Hg; 95%CI, -4.29 to -1.52), total cholesterol (WMD: -10.87 mg/dl; 95%CI, -16.96 to -4.79), and triglycerides (WMD: -13.05 mg/dl; 95%CI, -25.88 to -0.22); however, it had no effect on fasting blood glucose (WMD: 0.06 mg/dl), HDL-C (WMD: 0.90 mg/dl), LDL-C (WMD: -6.17 mg/dl), as well as on body mass index (WMD: -0.46 kg/m2) and body weight (WMD: -0.47 kg) as the anthropometric measures. These findings indicate that, in patients with liver dysregulation, taurine supplementation can lower blood pressure and improve the lipid profile by reducing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. ※ The abstract text as collected and stored via the API by the pipeline. The key summary is written based solely on this text.
View original ↗ PMID 37289866 Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging Animal study + human observation · Science, 2023 The paper that went viral - taurine declines with age and supplementation raised life span in mice and health span in mice/monkeys. Human data are correlational only; the authors state trials are needed.
Key summary
The original paper that sparked the 'anti-aging, longevity' buzz. It reported that circulating taurine declines with age in mice, monkeys, and humans; that supplementation increased life span in mice and health span in mice and monkeys; and that it reduced cellular senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. In humans, however, it only observed that lower taurine correlates with several age-related diseases, and the authors explicitly said clinical trials are needed to test whether taurine deficiency drives aging in humans (animal evidence plus human correlation, not causation).
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Aging is associated with changes in circulating levels of various molecules, some of which remain undefined. We find that concentrations of circulating taurine decline with aging in mice, monkeys, and humans. A reversal of this decline through taurine supplementation increased the health span (the period of healthy living) and life span in mice and health span in monkeys. Mechanistically, taurine reduced cellular senescence, protected against telomerase deficiency, suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased DNA damage, and attenuated inflammaging. In humans, lower taurine concentrations correlated with several age-related diseases and taurine concentrations increased after acute endurance exercise. Thus, taurine deficiency may be a driver of aging because its reversal increases health span in worms, rodents, and primates and life span in worms and rodents. Clinical trials in humans seem warranted to test whether taurine deficiency might drive aging in humans. ※ The abstract text as collected and stored via the API by the pipeline. The key summary is written based solely on this text.
View original ↗ PMID 40472098 Is taurine an aging biomarker? Human/primate/mouse cohorts (rebuttal) · Science, 2025 US National Institute on Aging (NIA) - followed over time, taurine rose or stayed unchanged with age in humans, primates, and mice, rebutting the 'declines with age' premise.
Key summary
An NIA-led study testing the core premise of the 2023 claim (that taurine declines with age). Measuring three geographically distinct human cohorts plus nonhuman primates and mice, both longitudinally (repeated in the same population) and cross-sectionally, circulating taurine rose or stayed unchanged with age. Associations between taurine and age-related health outcomes (gross motor function, energy homeostasis) were also highly variable. The authors concluded that changes in circulating taurine are not a universal feature of aging and that its effects may depend on each individual's temporal and physiological context.
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Low circulating taurine concentrations have been proposed as a driver of the aging process. We found that circulating taurine concentrations increased or remained unchanged with age in three geographically distinct human cohorts as well as in nonhuman primates and mice when measured longitudinally (repeatedly in the same population) or cross-sectionally (sampling distinct populations at various ages). Moreover, considerable variability was observed in associations between taurine and age-related changes in health outcomes pertaining to gross motor function and energy homeostasis. Our results suggest that changes in circulating taurine are not a universal feature of aging and that its pleiotropic effects may be dependent on the temporal and physiological context of each individual. ※ The abstract text as collected and stored via the API by the pipeline. The key summary is written based solely on this text.
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