PMID 23440782 Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold 메타분석(코크란) · Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013 29개 시험·11,306명 - 일반인 감기 예방 무효(RR 0.97), 극한 운동군만 절반(0.48); 상시 복용은 지속기간 성인 8%·소아 14% 단축.
핵심요약
비타민C의 감기 예방·치료 효과를 70년 논쟁 끝에 정리한 코크란치료·예방의 근거를 엄격히 검토·종합하는 국제 연구 네트워크(Cochrane). 리뷰(하루 0.2 g 이상, 위약유효 성분이 없는 가짜 약(플라시보). 효과 비교의 기준으로 쓴다.대조 시험만). 일반 지역사회 10,708명에서 상시 복용은 감기 발생을 줄이지 못했다(상대위험 0.97). 반면 마라톤 주자·군인 등 극한 운동군 598명에서는 위험이 절반 이하였다(0.48). 상시 복용은 지속기간을 성인 8%·소아 14% 줄였고 중증도도 낮췄으나, 증상 시작 후 복용한 치료 시험에서는 일관된 효과가 없었다. 저자들은 일상적 상시 복용은 정당화되지 않으나, 값싸고 안전하니 감기 환자가 개인적으로 치료 효과를 시험해볼 수는 있다고 했다.
원문 초록 보기
BACKGROUND: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) for preventing and treating the common cold has been a subject of controversy for 70 years. OBJECTIVES: To find out whether vitamin C reduces the incidence, the duration or severity of the common cold when used either as a continuous regular supplementation every day or as a therapy at the onset of cold symptoms. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL 2012, Issue 11, MEDLINE (1966 to November week 3, 2012), EMBASE (1990 to November 2012), CINAHL (January 2010 to November 2012), LILACS (January 2010 to November 2012) and Web of Science (January 2010 to November 2012). We also searched the U.S. National Institutes of Health trials register and WHO ICTRP on 29 November 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA: We excluded trials which used less than 0.2 g per day of vitamin C and trials without a placebo comparison. We restricted our review to placebo-controlled trials. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently extracted data. We assessed 'incidence' of colds during regular supplementation as the proportion of participants experiencing one or more colds during the study period. 'Duration' was the mean number of days of illness of cold episodes. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-nine trial comparisons involving 11,306 participants contributed to the meta-analysis on the risk ratio (RR) of developing a cold whilst taking vitamin C regularly over the study period. In the general community trials involving 10,708 participants, the pooled RR was 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94 to 1.00). Five trials involving a total of 598 marathon runners, skiers and soldiers on subarctic exercises yielded a pooled RR of 0.48 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.64).Thirty-one comparisons examined the effect of regular vitamin C on common cold duration (9745 episodes). In adults the duration of colds was reduced by 8% (3% to 12%) and in children by 14% (7% to 21%). In children, 1 to 2 g/day vitamin C shortened colds by 18%. The severity of colds was also reduced by regular vitamin C administration.Seven comparisons examined the effect of therapeutic vitamin C (3249 episodes). No consistent effect of vitamin C was seen on the duration or severity of colds in the therapeutic trials.The majority of included trials were randomised, double-blind trials. The exclusion of trials that were either not randomised or not double-blind had no effect on the conclusions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The failure of vitamin C supplementation to reduce the incidence of colds in the general population indicates that routine vitamin C supplementation is not justified, yet vitamin C may be useful for people exposed to brief periods of severe physical exercise. Regular supplementation trials have shown that vitamin C reduces the duration of colds, but this was not replicated in the few therapeutic trials that have been carried out. Nevertheless, given the consistent effect of vitamin C on the duration and severity of colds in the regular supplementation studies, and the low cost and safety, it may be worthwhile for common cold patients to test on an individual basis whether therapeutic vitamin C is beneficial for them. Further therapeutic RCTs are warranted. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ PMID 18997197 Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial 무작위 대조시험 · JAMA, 2008 남성 14,641명·8년 - 하루 500 mg 비타민C가 주요 심혈관 사건을 줄이지 못함(위험비 0.99, 심근경색·뇌졸중·심혈관 사망 모두 무의미).
핵심요약
심혈관질환 위험이 낮은 남성 의사 14,641명(50세 이상)을 대상으로 한 무작위 이중맹검 위약유효 성분이 없는 가짜 약(플라시보). 효과 비교의 기준으로 쓴다.대조 시험(Physicians' Health Study II). 하루 500 mg 비타민C를 평균 8년 복용한 결과, 주요 심혈관 사건(비치명 심근경색·뇌졸중·심혈관 사망)이 위약과 차이가 없었다(위험비 0.99, 95% CI 0.89~1.11). 심근경색(1.04)·뇌졸중(0.89)·심혈관 사망(1.02) 각각도 모두 유의하지 않았다. 비타민E 역시 효과가 없었다. 관찰연구의 기대와 달리 비타민C 보충의 심혈관 예방 이득은 확인되지 않았다.
원문 초록 보기
CONTEXT: Basic research and observational studies suggest vitamin E or vitamin C may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, few long-term trials have evaluated men at initially low risk of cardiovascular disease, and no previous trial in men has examined vitamin C alone in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether long-term vitamin E or vitamin C supplementation decreases the risk of major cardiovascular events among men. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Physicians' Health Study II was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled factorial trial of vitamin E and vitamin C that began in 1997 and continued until its scheduled completion on August 31, 2007. There were 14,641 US male physicians enrolled, who were initially aged 50 years or older, including 754 men (5.1%) with prevalent cardiovascular disease at randomization. INTERVENTION: Individual supplements of 400 IU of vitamin E every other day and 500 mg of vitamin C daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A composite end point of major cardiovascular events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular disease death). RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 8 years, there were 1245 confirmed major cardiovascular events. Compared with placebo, vitamin E had no effect on the incidence of major cardiovascular events (both active and placebo vitamin E groups, 10.9 events per 1000 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 1.01 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.90-1.13]; P = .86), as well as total myocardial infarction (HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.75-1.07]; P = .22), total stroke (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.89-1.29]; P = .45), and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.90-1.28]; P = .43). There also was no significant effect of vitamin C on major cardiovascular events (active and placebo vitamin E groups, 10.8 and 10.9 events per 1000 person-years, respectively; HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.89-1.11]; P = .91), as well as total myocardial infarction (HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.87-1.24]; P = .65), total stroke (HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.74-1.07]; P = .21), and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.85-1.21]; P = .86). Neither vitamin E (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.97-1.18]; P = .15) nor vitamin C (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.97-1.18]; P = .16) had a significant effect on total mortality but vitamin E was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.04-2.91]; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: In this large, long-term trial of male physicians, neither vitamin E nor vitamin C supplementation reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events. These data provide no support for the use of these supplements for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older men. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00270647. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ PMID 19066368 Vitamins E and C in the prevention of prostate and total cancer in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial 무작위 대조시험 · JAMA, 2009 남성 14,641명·8년 - 하루 500 mg 비타민C가 전체 암·전립선암 발생을 줄이지 못함(암 위험비 1.01, 전립선암 1.02).
핵심요약
위 심혈관 시험과 같은 코호트(Physicians' Health Study II, 남성 의사 14,641명)에서 암 예방 효과를 본 무작위 이중맹검 시험. 평균 8년간 하루 500 mg 비타민C는 전체 암 발생(위험비 1.01, 95% CI 0.92~1.10)이나 전립선암(1.02)을 줄이지 못했고, 대장암·폐암 등 부위별 암에도 효과가 없었다. 순응도 보정·초기 추적 제외에도 결과는 그대로였다. 저자들은 중·노년 남성의 암 예방을 위해 비타민C·E 보충을 쓸 근거가 없다고 결론지었다.
원문 초록 보기
CONTEXT: Many individuals take vitamins in the hopes of preventing chronic diseases such as cancer, and vitamins E and C are among the most common individual supplements. A large-scale randomized trial suggested that vitamin E may reduce risk of prostate cancer; however, few trials have been powered to address this relationship. No previous trial in men at usual risk has examined vitamin C alone in the prevention of cancer. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether long-term vitamin E or C supplementation decreases risk of prostate and total cancer events among men. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Physicians' Health Study II is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled factorial trial of vitamins E and C that began in 1997 and continued until its scheduled completion on August 31, 2007. A total of 14,641 male physicians in the United States initially aged 50 years or older, including 1307 men with a history of prior cancer at randomization, were enrolled. INTERVENTION: Individual supplements of 400 IU of vitamin E every other day and 500 mg of vitamin C daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prostate and total cancer. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 8.0 years, there were 1008 confirmed incident cases of prostate cancer and 1943 total cancers. Compared with placebo, vitamin E had no effect on the incidence of prostate cancer (active and placebo vitamin E groups, 9.1 and 9.5 events per 1000 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-1.09; P = .58) or total cancer (active and placebo vitamin E groups, 17.8 and 17.3 cases per 1000 person-years; HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.95-1.13; P = .41). There was also no significant effect of vitamin C on total cancer (active and placebo vitamin C groups, 17.6 and 17.5 events per 1000 person-years; HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92-1.10; P = .86) or prostate cancer (active and placebo vitamin C groups, 9.4 and 9.2 cases per 1000 person-years; HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.90-1.15; P = .80). Neither vitamin E nor vitamin C had a significant effect on colorectal, lung, or other site-specific cancers. Adjustment for adherence and exclusion of the first 4 or 6 years of follow-up did not alter the results. Stratification by various cancer risk factors demonstrated no significant modification of the effect of vitamin E on prostate cancer risk or either agent on total cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS: In this large, long-term trial of male physicians, neither vitamin E nor C supplementation reduced the risk of prostate or total cancer. These data provide no support for the use of these supplements for the prevention of cancer in middle-aged and older men. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00270647. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ PMID 5411783 Autonomic reflexes and vascular reactivity in experimental scurvy in man 인체 실험연구 · J Clin Invest, 1970 정상 성인 5명을 3개월간 비타민C에서 차단하자 괴혈병비타민C가 오래 부족하면 잇몸 출혈·멍·상처 회복 지연 등이 나타나는 결핍 질환. 징후가 나타났고, 4개월 보충 후 무증상으로 회복 - 결핍이 괴혈병을 일으키고 보충이 되돌림을 직접 보여준 인체 실험.
핵심요약
원래는 비타민C 결핍이 자율신경·혈관 반응성에 미치는 영향을 본 연구지만, 괴혈병비타민C가 오래 부족하면 잇몸 출혈·멍·상처 회복 지연 등이 나타나는 결핍 질환.의 결핍-보충 관계를 인체에서 직접 문서화한 고전적 실험이다. 정상 지원자 5명을 3개월간 비타민C에서 차단하자 괴혈병의 증상·징후가 나타났고 혈장 아스코르브산이 0.178 mg/100 mL로 떨어졌다. 이후 4개월간 비타민C를 보충하자 무증상이 되었고 혈장 수치가 1.68 mg/100 mL로 회복됐다. 즉 '비타민C를 끊으면 괴혈병이 생기고, 채우면 사라진다'는 인과가 통제된 인체 조건에서 확인됐다. (부수적으로, 결핍은 자율신경 반사 자체는 끊지 않았고 혈관 수축 반응성만 떨어뜨렸다.)
원문 초록 보기
Ascorbic acid is a required cofactor in the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine in vitro, and the deficiency of this vitamin in guinea pigs is associated with degeneration of autonomic ganglion cells and with cardiac supersensitivity to norepinephrine. Because of these findings, we tested the hypothesis that ascorbic acid deficiency in man alters autonomic cardiovascular reflexes and vasomotor responses to adrenergic stimuli. We studied five normal volunteers who had been deprived of ascorbic acid for a period of 3 months; they had developed symptoms and signs of scurvy and their plasma levels of ascorbic acid averaged 0.178 +/-SE 0.07 mg/100 ml. We repeated the studies after giving the subjects vitamin C for a period of 4 months; they had become asymptomatic and their plasma ascorbic acid had increased to an average of 1.68 +/-0.151 mg/100 ml. Blood flow to the left forearm (plethysmograph), arterial and central venous pressures, and heart rate were measured before and after exposure of the lower half of the body to subatmospheric levels of pressure and before and after intravenous and intra-arterial (left brachial artery) infusions of norepinephrine and tyramine. Average values of blood flow (7.9 +/-1.4 ml/min per 100 ml), arterial pressure (91.2 +/-4.6 mm Hg), heart rate (68 +/-4.4 beats/min), central venous pressure (6.1 +/-1.1 mm Hg), and plasma catecholamines (0.68 +/-0.20 mug/liter) obtained during ascorbic acid deficiency were not altered significantly after correction of the deficiency. Vasoconstrictor responses to intra-arterial norepinephrine and tyramine were augmented after vitamin repletion. During ascorbic acid deficiency, four subjects had reduced responsiveness of resistance vessels of the forearm to lower body negative pressure as compared to the responsiveness observed after vitamin repletion. Reflex tachycardia during lower body negative pressure and reflex bradycardia during the pressor responses to intravenous tyramine and norepinephrine were similar during the two studies. The results suggest that the decreased vascular responsiveness to intra-arterial norepinephrine and tyramine and to lower body negative pressure during ascorbic acid deficiency is caused by a defect in the ability of resistance vessels to constrict in response to adrenergic stimuli. Ascorbic acid deficiency in man does not interrupt autonomic reflexes and does not appear to cause significant depletion of endogenous norepinephrine. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ FDA (openFDA) ASCOR (아스코르브산 주사제) - 의약품 라벨(괴혈병 적응증·옥살산 신병증·G6PD 용혈 경고)
기관 정보 출처입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Peppers, sweet, red, raw (FDC 170108)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Peppers, sweet, green, raw (FDC 170427)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Kiwifruit, green, raw (FDC 327046)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Broccoli, cooked, boiled, drained, with salt (FDC 168510)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Strawberries, raw (FDC 167762)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Oranges, raw, all commercial varieties (FDC 169097)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ 