PMID 33237064 Effects of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials 메타분석 · Food Funct, 2020 칼슘+비타민 D 병용이 폐경 후 여성의 총·요추·대퇴경부 골밀도뼈의 단위 면적당 무기질 양. 낮을수록 골다공증·골절 위험이 커진다.를 높이고 고관절 골절을 소폭 낮춤(RR 0.86). 골밀도 이득은 강화 유제품에서 가장 큼.
핵심요약
폐경 후 여성에서 칼슘+비타민 D 병용의 골 효과를 종합한 RCT 메타분석여러 개별 연구의 결과를 통계적으로 합쳐 하나의 종합 결론을 내는 분석.. 총 골밀도뼈의 단위 면적당 무기질 양. 낮을수록 골다공증·골절 위험이 커진다.(SMD 0.54)·요추(0.23)·팔(0.46)·대퇴경부(0.19)가 유의하게 늘고 고관절 골절이 줄었다(RR 0.86). 대퇴경부 골밀도 증가는 비타민 D 400 IU 이하에서만 뚜렷했고 칼슘 단독은 효과가 없었으며, 골밀도 이득은 칼슘·비타민 D를 강화한 유제품에서 가장 컸다.
원문 초록 보기
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to explore whether combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of science and Embase databases and reference lists of eligible articles up to Feb, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of combined calcium and vitamin D on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women were included in the present study. RESULTS: Combined calcium and vitamin D significantly increased total bone mineral density (BMD) (standard mean differences (SMD) = 0.537; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.227 to 0.847), lumbar spine BMD (SMD = 0.233; 95% CI: 0.073 to 0.392; P < 0.001), arms BMD (SMD = 0.464; 95% CI: 0.186 to 0.741) and femoral neck BMD (SMD = 0.187; 95% CI: 0.010 to 0.364). It also significantly reduced the incidence of hip fracture (RR = 0.864; 95% CI: 0.763 to 0.979). Subgroup analysis showed that combined calcium and vitamin D significantly increased femoral neck BMD only when the dose of the vitamin D intake was no more than 400 IU d-1 (SMD = 0.335; 95% CI: 0.113 to 0.558), but not for a dose more than 400 IU d-1 (SMD = -0.098; 95% CI: -0.109 to 0.305), and calcium had no effect on the femoral neck BMD. Subgroup analysis also showed only dairy products fortified with calcium and vitamin D had a significant influence on total BMD (SMD = 0.784; 95% CI: 0.322 to 1.247) and lumbar spine BMD (SMD = 0.320; 95% CI: 0.146 to 0.494), but not for combined calcium and vitamin D supplement. CONCLUSION: Dairy products fortified with calcium and vitamin D have a favorable effect on bone mineral density. Combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation could prevent osteoporosis hip fracture in postmenopausal women. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ PMID 29279934 Association Between Calcium or Vitamin D Supplementation and Fracture Incidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 메타분석 · JAMA, 2017 33개 RCT·51,145명 - 지역사회 거주 고령자에서 칼슘·비타민 D·병용 어느 쪽도 고관절·비척추·척추·전체 골절 위험을 낮추지 못함. 일상적 보충 권고를 뒷받침하지 않음.
핵심요약
지역사회에 거주하는 50세 이상 성인에서 칼슘·비타민 D·병용이 골절을 줄이는지 종합한 대규모 메타분석여러 개별 연구의 결과를 통계적으로 합쳐 하나의 종합 결론을 내는 분석.(33개 RCT, 51,145명). 1차 지표인 고관절 골절에서 칼슘(RR 1.53)·비타민 D(1.21)·병용(1.09) 모두 위약유효 성분이 없는 가짜 약(플라시보). 효과 비교의 기준으로 쓴다./무처치 대비 유의한 감소가 없었고, 비척추·척추·전체 골절도 마찬가지였다. 용량·성별·골절력·식이 칼슘·기저 비타민 D 농도와 무관하게 결과가 일관됐다. 저자들은 지역사회 고령자에게 이들 보충제를 일상적으로 쓰는 것을 뒷받침하지 않는다고 결론지었다.
원문 초록 보기
IMPORTANCE: The increased social and economic burdens for osteoporosis-related fractures worldwide make the prevention of such injuries a major public health goal. Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the association between calcium, vitamin D, or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements and fracture incidence in older adults. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether calcium, vitamin D, or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements are associated with a lower fracture incidence in community-dwelling older adults. DATA SOURCES: The PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to December 24, 2016, using the keywords calcium, vitamin D, and fracture to identify systematic reviews or meta-analyses. The primary randomized clinical trials included in systematic reviews or meta-analyses were identified, and an additional search for recently published randomized trials was performed from July 16, 2012, to July 16, 2017. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials comparing calcium, vitamin D, or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements with a placebo or no treatment for fracture incidence in community-dwelling adults older than 50 years. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent reviewers performed the data extraction and assessed study quality. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate risk ratios (RRs), absolute risk differences (ARDs), and 95% CIs using random-effects models. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Hip fracture was defined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were nonvertebral fracture, vertebral fracture, and total fracture. RESULTS: A total of 33 randomized trials involving 51 145 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was no significant association of calcium or vitamin D with risk of hip fracture compared with placebo or no treatment (calcium: RR, 1.53 [95% CI, 0.97 to 2.42]; ARD, 0.01 [95% CI, 0.00 to 0.01]; vitamin D: RR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.47]; ARD, 0.00 [95% CI, -0.00 to 0.01]. There was no significant association of combined calcium and vitamin D with hip fracture compared with placebo or no treatment (RR, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.85 to 1.39]; ARD, 0.00 [95% CI, -0.00 to 0.00]). No significant associations were found between calcium, vitamin D, or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements and the incidence of nonvertebral, vertebral, or total fractures. Subgroup analyses showed that these results were generally consistent regardless of the calcium or vitamin D dose, sex, fracture history, dietary calcium intake, and baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, the use of supplements that included calcium, vitamin D, or both compared with placebo or no treatment was not associated with a lower risk of fractures among community-dwelling older adults. These findings do not support the routine use of these supplements in community-dwelling older people. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ PMID 35842938 What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis 메타분석 · Int J Older People Nurs, 2023 7개 RCT·12,620명 - 비타민 D3 800 IU + 칼슘 1,200 mg 병용이 고관절 골절(OR 0.75)·비척추 골절(OR 0.80)을 유의 감소. 칼슘 1,000 mg 조합은 효과 없음. 대퇴경부 골밀도뼈의 단위 면적당 무기질 양. 낮을수록 골다공증·골절 위험이 커진다.는 증가 없음.
핵심요약
65세 이상 고령자에서 비타민 D3 + 칼슘 병용이 고관절 골절을 줄이는지 본 메타분석여러 개별 연구의 결과를 통계적으로 합쳐 하나의 종합 결론을 내는 분석.(7개 RCT, 12,620명). 병용은 고관절 골절(OR 0.75)과 비척추 골절(OR 0.80)을 유의하게 낮췄다. 비타민 D3 800 IU + 칼슘 1,200 mg 조합(OR 0.69)이 효과적이었던 반면, 800 IU + 칼슘 1,000 mg 조합은 효과가 없었다(OR 1.08). 다만 대퇴경부 골밀도뼈의 단위 면적당 무기질 양. 낮을수록 골다공증·골절 위험이 커진다.에는 유의한 증가가 없었다. 저자들은 보충이 골절 예방의 한 요소일 뿐 운동·영양 등과 함께 가야 한다고 덧붙였다.
원문 초록 보기
INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures have a huge impact in reducing the quality of life and increasing mortality. This review aims to assess the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in people over 65 years. METHODS: PRISMA guidelines were followed and RCTs that evaluated the effectiveness of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 plus calcium in preventing hip fracture in adults over 65 years were included in the study. The databases such as Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from October 2019- January 2020.The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to check the quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis with fixed effect model using Review Manager (Revman 5.3) was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The meta-analysis of seven RCTs on vitamin D3 plus calcium supplementation and hip fracture (n = 12,620) identified odds ratio (OR) of 0.75; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.64, 0.87; p = .0003. Daily oral supplementation of 800 IU of Vitamin D3 plus 1200 mg of calcium was found more effective (n = 5676 participants; OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.82; p < .0001) than daily oral supplementation of 800 IU of Vitamin D3 plus 1000 mg of calcium (n = 6555,OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.56; p = .70) in reducing hip fracture. A meta-analysis of the seven RCTs to identify the incidence of non-vertebral fracture gave the OR of 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.89; p < .0001. A meta-analysis of three RCTs on femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) (n = 483) gave a mean difference of 1.21; 95% CI: -0.79, 3.20; p = .24. CONCLUSION: Daily oral supplementation 800 IU of vitamin D3 plus 1200 mg of calcium reduces hip fracture and non-vertebral fracture in older people. Administering vitamin D3 and calcium supplements had no effect in increasing the femoral neck BMD. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ PMID 18254022 Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps 코크란 리뷰 · Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008 선종 병력자 2개 RCT·1,346명 - 칼슘 보충이 대장 선종 재발을 줄임(OR 0.74). 그러나 대장암 예방 목적의 일반적 사용을 권할 근거는 아니라고 명시.
핵심요약
식이 칼슘 보충이 대장암·선종성 용종을 줄이는지 본 코크란치료·예방의 근거를 엄격히 검토·종합하는 국제 연구 네트워크(Cochrane). 체계적 고찰. 이전에 선종이 있었던 사람 대상 잘 설계된 이중맹검 위약유효 성분이 없는 가짜 약(플라시보). 효과 비교의 기준으로 쓴다.대조 RCT 2건(1,346명, 칼슘 1,200~2,000 mg/일, 3~4년)을 합치자 재발성 대장 선종이 줄었다(OR 0.74). 저자들은 칼슘 보충이 대장 선종을 어느 정도 줄일 수 있음을 시사하나, 대장암 예방을 위해 칼슘 보충제를 일반적으로 쓰라고 권할 만큼 충분한 근거는 아니라고 결론지었다.
원문 초록 보기
BACKGROUND: Several dietary factors have been considered to be involved in the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in industrialised countries. Experimental and epidemiological evidence has been suggestive but not conclusive for a protective role for high dietary calcium intake. Intervention studies with colorectal cancer as an endpoint are difficult to perform owing to the large number of patients and the long follow-up required; studies using the appearance of colorectal adenomatous polyps as a surrogate endpoint are therefore considered in reviewing the existing evidence. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to assess the effect of supplementary dietary calcium on the incidence of colorectal cancer and the incidence or recurrence of adenomatous polyps. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Colorectal Cancer Group specialised register, MEDLINE, Cancerlit , and Embase, to July 2007. The reference lists of identified studies were inspected for further studies, and the review literature was scrutinized. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of the effects of dietary calcium on the development of colonic cancer and adenomatous polyps in humans are reviewed. Studies of healthy adults and studies of adults at higher risk of colon cancer due to family history, previous adenomatous polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease were considered; data from subjects with familial polyposis coli are excluded. The primary outcomes were the occurrence of colon cancer, and occurrence or recurrence of any new adenomas of the colon. Secondary outcomes were any adverse event that required discontinuation of calcium supplementation, and drop-outs before the end of the study. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently extracted data, assessed trial quality and resolved discrepancies by consensus. The outcomes were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The data were combined with the fixed effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Two studies with 1346 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Both trials were well designed, double - blind, placebo controlled trials, included participants with previous adenomas. The doses of supplementary elemental calcium used were 1200 mg daily for a mean duration of 4 years, and 2000 mg/day for three years. The rates of loss to follow -up were 14 % and 11%. For the development of recurrent colorectal adenoma, a reduction was found (OR 0.74, CI 0.58,0.95) when the results from both trials were combined. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Although the evidence from two RCTs suggests that calcium supplementation might contribute to a moderate degree to the prevention of colorectal adenomatous polyps, this does not constitute sufficient evidence to recommend the general use of calcium supplements to prevent colorectal cancer. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ PMID 30117164 Body mass index, calcium supplementation and risk of colorectal adenomas RCT 재분석 · Int J Cancer, 2019 최신 RCT(VCPPS)에서 칼슘 1,200 mg/일은 선종을 유의하게 줄이지 못했고, 고위험 소견 감소는 정상 체중군에서만 나타남(BMI가 효과를 좌우).
핵심요약
칼슘 선종 예방 효과가 왜 시험마다 다른지 체질량지수(BMI)로 설명한 두 RCT(CPPS·VCPPS) 재분석. 최신 VCPPS에서 칼슘 1,200 mg/일은 선종을 유의하게 줄이지 못했는데, 이전 CPPS보다 비만 참가자가 많았던 것이 한 요인이었다. 두 시험 모두 정상 체중군에서는 고위험 소견(진행성·다발성 선종)이 44~56% 줄었으나 과체중·비만군에서는 이득이 없었다. 저자들은 칼슘 1,200 mg/일이 정상 체중인 사람에서만 대장 선종 위험을 줄일 수 있다고 결론지었다.
원문 초록 보기
Calcium supplementation (1,200 mg/day) did not significantly reduce colorectal adenomas in our recent randomized, controlled trial (Vitamin D/Calcium Polyp Prevention Study, VCPPS, 2004-2013) in contrast to our previous trial (Calcium Polyp Prevention Study, CPPS, 1988-1996). To reconcile these findings, we identified participant characteristics that differed between the study populations and modified the effect of calcium supplementation on adenomas or high-risk findings (advanced or multiple adenomas). Compared to the CPPS, more participants in the VCPPS were obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 ; 37.5% vs. 24.4%) and fewer had normal BMI (BMI <25 kg/m2 ; 18.5% vs. 31%). BMI appeared to modify the effect of calcium supplementation on adenomas and especially on high risk-findings: in the VCPPS, there was a 44% reduction in high-risk findings among individuals whose BMI was normal (RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.26-1.23), but not among overweight (RR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.62-1.91) or obese (RR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.92-2.57) individuals (pinteraction = 0.03). Similarly, in the CPPS, there was a 56% reduction in high-risk findings among individuals whose BMI was normal (RR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.26-0.74), but not among overweight (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.55-1.39) or obese (RR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.57-1.82) individuals (pinteraction = 0.02). Standardization of each trial's findings to the BMI distribution in the other attenuated calcium's protective effect on adenomas in the CPPS but enhanced it in the VCPPS. In conclusion, 1,200 mg/day calcium supplementation may reduce risk of colorectal adenomas among those with normal BMI but not in overweight or obese individuals; and differences in BMI distribution partially account for the apparent difference in calcium efficacy between the two trials. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ PMID 20671013 Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis 메타분석 · BMJ, 2010 15개 RCT - 비타민 D 없이 단독으로 쓴 칼슘 보충제(500 mg/일 이상)에서 심근경색이 늘었다고 보고(환자 단위 위험비 1.31). 심혈관 안전성 논란을 촉발한 논문.
핵심요약
칼슘 보충제가 심혈관 사건을 늘리는지 본 환자·시험 단위 메타분석여러 개별 연구의 결과를 통계적으로 합쳐 하나의 종합 결론을 내는 분석.(15개 RCT). 환자 단위 데이터(5개 시험, 8,151명)에서 칼슘군의 심근경색이 위약유효 성분이 없는 가짜 약(플라시보). 효과 비교의 기준으로 쓴다.군보다 많았고(위험비 1.31), 뇌졸중·복합 종점·사망은 유의하지 않은 증가에 그쳤다. 시험 단위 데이터에서도 심근경색 증가가 확인됐다(상대위험 1.27). 대상은 비타민 D를 함께 주지 않은 500 mg/일 이상 칼슘 보충제였다. 저자들은 칼슘 보충제(비타민 D 미병용)가 심근경색 위험 증가와 연관되며 골다공증 관리에서 칼슘 보충제의 역할을 재검토할 필요가 있다고 했다.
원문 초록 보기
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether calcium supplements increase the risk of cardiovascular events. DESIGN: Patient level and trial level meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1966-March 2010), reference lists of meta-analyses of calcium supplements, and two clinical trial registries. Initial searches were carried out in November 2007, with electronic database searches repeated in March 2010. STUDY SELECTION: Eligible studies were randomised, placebo controlled trials of calcium supplements (>or=500 mg/day), with 100 or more participants of mean age more than 40 years and study duration more than one year. The lead authors of eligible trials supplied data. Cardiovascular outcomes were obtained from self reports, hospital admissions, and death certificates. RESULTS: 15 trials were eligible for inclusion, five with patient level data (8151 participants, median follow-up 3.6 years, interquartile range 2.7-4.3 years) and 11 with trial level data (11 921 participants, mean duration 4.0 years). In the five studies contributing patient level data, 143 people allocated to calcium had a myocardial infarction compared with 111 allocated to placebo (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.67, P=0.035). Non-significant increases occurred in the incidence of stroke (1.20, 0.96 to 1.50, P=0.11), the composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death (1.18, 1.00 to 1.39, P=0.057), and death (1.09, 0.96 to 1.23, P=0.18). The meta-analysis of trial level data showed similar results: 296 people had a myocardial infarction (166 allocated to calcium, 130 to placebo), with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction in those allocated to calcium (pooled relative risk 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.59, P=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Calcium supplements (without coadministered vitamin D) are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. As calcium supplements are widely used these modest increases in risk of cardiovascular disease might translate into a large burden of disease in the population. A reassessment of the role of calcium supplements in the management of osteoporosis is warranted. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ PMID 37743221 Association Between Calcium Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 메타분석 · Heart Lung Circ, 2023 12개 RCT - 칼슘 보충과 심근경색·뇌졸중·심부전심장이 몸에 필요한 만큼 혈액을 충분히 내보내지 못하는 상태.·사망 사이에 연관 없음. 2010년 심혈관 우려와 상반되는 결과.
핵심요약
칼슘 보충과 심혈관 질환·뇌졸중 위험의 관계를 RCT만으로 다시 종합한 메타분석여러 개별 연구의 결과를 통계적으로 합쳐 하나의 종합 결론을 내는 분석.(12개 RCT). 칼슘 보충은 심근경색·전체 뇌졸중·심부전심장이 몸에 필요한 만큼 혈액을 충분히 내보내지 못하는 상태. 입원·전체/심혈관 사망 어느 것과도 연관이 없었다. 칼슘 단독 대 비타민 D 병용, 성별, 추적기간, 지역으로 나눈 하위분석에서도 결과는 달라지지 않았다. 저자들은 칼슘 보충이 심혈관 사건과 연관되지 않았다고 결론지으며, 2010년 이후 이어진 상반된 결과를 정리하려면 추가 연구가 필요하다고 했다.
원문 초록 보기
BACKGROUND: Some observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have reported an association between calcium supplementation and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous meta-analyses on the topic, based on data from RCTs and observational studies, have contradictory findings. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the difference in associated risks of calcium supplementation with cardiovascular disease and stroke in RCTs. METHODS: Relevant studies published from database inception to 6 August 2021 were sourced from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Any RCTs focusing on the relationship between calcium supplementation and incidence of cardiovascular disease or stroke were included. Articles were screened independently by two authors, according to the PICO criteria, with disagreements resolved by a third author. RESULTS: Twelve RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Calcium supplementation was not associated with myocardial infarction, total stroke, heart failure admission, and all-cause/cardiovascular mortality. Subgroup analysis focusing on calcium monotherapy/calcium co-therapy with vitamin D, female sex, follow-up duration, and geographical region did not affect the findings. CONCLUSION: Calcium supplementation was not associated with myocardial infarction, total stroke, heart failure admission, and cardiovascular/all-cause mortality. Further studies are required to examine and understand these associations. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ PMID 34959915 Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review 내러티브 리뷰 · Nutrients, 2021 식사와 함께 먹는 칼슘은 장에서 수산과 결합해 결석 위험을 낮추지만, 끼니 사이 따로 먹는 보충제는 소변 칼슘 배설만 늘려 위험을 높일 수 있음. 비타민 D 보충은 고칼슘뇨 소인자에서 위험 가중.
핵심요약
칼슘·비타민 D 보충과 신장결석의 관계를 정리한 내러티브 리뷰. 결석 형성자에게도 저칼슘 식단은 권장되지 않으며, 균형 잡힌 칼슘 섭취는 장에서 수산(옥살산)과 결합해 흡수·요배설을 줄여 결석 위험을 낮춘다. 그러나 끼니 사이에 따로 먹는 칼슘 보충제는 수산과 결합하는 이점 없이 소변 칼슘 배설만 늘릴 수 있다. 비타민 D 보충은 고칼슘뇨 소인이 있는 사람에서 결석 위험을 키울 수 있다고 지적한다.
원문 초록 보기
Kidney stone disease is a multifactorial condition influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits. Although different monogenic polymorphisms have been proposed as playing a causal role for calcium nephrolithiasis, the prevalence of these mutations in the general population and their complete pathogenetic pathway is yet to be determined. General dietary advice for kidney stone formers includes elevated fluid intake, dietary restriction of sodium and animal proteins, avoidance of a low calcium diet, maintenance of a normal body mass index, and elevated intake of vegetables and fibers. Thus, balanced calcium consumption protects against the risk for kidney stones by reducing intestinal oxalate availability and its urinary excretion. However, calcium supplementation given between meals might increase urinary calcium excretion without the beneficial effect on oxalate. In kidney stone formers, circulating active vitamin D has been found to be increased, whereas higher plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol seems to be present only in hypercalciuric patients. The association between nutritional vitamin D supplements and the risk for stone formation is currently not completely understood. However, taken together, available evidence might suggest that vitamin D administration worsens the risk for stone formation in patients predisposed to hypercalciuria. In this review, we analyzed and discussed available literature on the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the risk for kidney stone formation. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ PMID 36906146 Kidney Stone Prevention 리뷰 · Adv Nutr, 2023 결석 예방 종합 리뷰 - 하루 1,000~1,200 mg의 충분한 식이 칼슘, 수분·나트륨·수산 관리 권장. 비타민 C·D 보충제는 피하도록 권함.
핵심요약
신장결석 예방 전략을 종합한 리뷰. 모든 결석의 공통 위험은 소변량 부족·탈수이며, 칼슘 결석의 주요 위험은 고칼슘뇨·고수산뇨·저구연산뇨다. 예방을 위해 충분한 수분(2.5~3.0 L/일), 하루 1,000~1,200 mg의 식이 칼슘, 나트륨·동물성 단백질·수산 식품 제한, 구연산 과일 늘리기 등을 권한다. 특히 비타민 C·D 보충제는 피하도록 권한다. 칼슘은 '적정량을 식품으로' 채우는 것이 결석 예방의 기본이라는 점을 보여준다.
원문 초록 보기
Kidney stone disease (KSD) (alternatively nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) is a global health care problem that affects people in almost all of developed and developing countries. Its prevalence has been continuously increasing with a high recurrence rate after stone removal. Although effective therapeutic modalities are available, preventive strategies for both new and recurrent stones are required to reduce physical and financial burdens of KSD. To prevent kidney stone formation, its etiology and risk factors should be first considered. Low urine output and dehydration are the common risks of all stone types, whereas hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypocitraturia are the major risks of calcium stones. In this article, up-to-date knowledge on strategies (nutrition-based mainly) to prevent KSD is provided. Important roles of fluid intake (2.5-3.0 L/d), diuresis (>2.0-2.5 L/d), lifestyle and habit modifications (for example, maintain normal body mass index, fluid compensation for working in high-temperature environment, and avoid cigarette smoking), and dietary management [for example, sufficient calcium at 1000-1200 mg/d, limit sodium at 2 or 3-5 g/d of sodium chloride (NaCl), limit oxalate-rich foods, avoid vitamin C and vitamin D supplements, limit animal proteins to 0.8-1.0 g/kg body weight/d but increase plant proteins in patients with calcium and uric acid stone and those with hyperuricosuria, increase proportion of citrus fruits, and consider lime powder supplementation] are summarized. Moreover, uses of natural bioactive products (for example, caffeine, epigallocatechin gallate, and diosmin), medications (for example, thiazides, alkaline citrate, other alkalinizing agents, and allopurinol), bacterial eradication, and probiotics are also discussed. ※ 파이프라인이 API로 수집·저장한 초록 원문 그대로. 한국어 핵심요약은 이 텍스트만을 근거로 작성됩니다.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Tofu, raw, regular, prepared with calcium sulfate (FDC 172476)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Fish, sardine, Atlantic, canned in oil, drained solids with bone (FDC 175139)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Yogurt, plain, whole milk (FDC 171284)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Milk, whole, 3.25% milkfat (FDC 172217)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Cheese, cheddar, sharp, sliced (FDC 170899)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ USDA FoodData Central Kale, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt (FDC 169238)
영양성분 데이터 출처(USDA FoodData Central)입니다. 아래 원문에서 직접 확인하세요.
원문 보기 ↗ 